Thousands of people around the world lost their lives to natural disasters in 2018, a tragic reminder of how rapidly natural disasters such as the wildfires in California can become deadly. The year ended with a deadly tsunami in Indonesia, capping the country’s worst annual death toll in more than a decade from natural disasters.

Here are 10 of the deadliest natural disasters in 2018, according to data from the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, based in Belgium.

1. Indonesia: Earthquake and Tsunami

Deaths: 2,783

A 7.5 magnitude earthquake and subsequent 20-foot tsunami brought widespread devastation to Sulawesi island in Indonesia in late September, leveling entire cities and rendering more than 330,000 people homeless, according to World Vision, a global humanitarian nonprofit.

2. Indonesia: Earthquake

Deaths: 468

On Aug. 5, a 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck the Indonesian island of Lombok and neighboring Bali. The earthquake was preceded with a 6.4 magnitude quake in late July, and the areas also were hit with a number of aftershocks.

3. Indonesia: Tsunami

Deaths: At least 430

A Dec. 22 tsunami struck the western coast of Java in Indonesia, killing at least 430 people and triggering a state of emergency in the region. A crater collapse on the volcanic island of Anak Krakatau, or child of Krakatau, came at high tide and triggered waves of up to 5 meters (16 feet) high into the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra islands.

The disaster recalled the Dec. 26, 2004, earthquake and tsunami that killed at least 226,000 people in 14 countries along Indian Ocean coastlines, including more than 120,000 people in Indonesia.

4. Guatemala: Volcanic Eruption

Deaths: 425

When the Fuego volcano in Guatemala erupted in early June, surrounding areas were soon engulfed in a deadly pyroclastic flow, a mixture of hot gas and volcanic rock that can move at speeds up to 90 miles per hour, according to The New York Times. The ground was so hot in areas that the soles of some rescue workers’ boots were coming apart.

5. India: Floods

Deaths: 361

Monsoon flooding in India killed more than 300 people in August, mostly in the southern Indian state of Kerala. The Kerala government said many victims died after being crushed by debris after landslides, the BBC reported. Officials said it was the worst flood recorded in 100 years.

6. Japan: Floods

Deaths: 220

Torrential rain and landslides impacted large areas of Japan in July, killing more than 200 people. Officials said the flooding was particularly bad because much of the rain fell in mountainous areas and funneled down into cities, CNN reported. In Uwajima, a city on Japan’s Shikoku island, local news stations reported that almost 15 inches of rain fell in two hours on one Sunday morning, according to CNN’s report.

7. Nigeria: Floods

Deaths: 200

September flooding in Nigeria displaced more than half a million people and, according to FloodList, destroyed more than 13,000 homes. The floods struck one-third of Nigeria`s 36 states, affecting nearly 2 million people.

8. Pakistan: Heat Wave

Deaths: 180

Temperatures in the Pakistani city of Karachi stayed above 104 degrees Fahrenheit for several days in May, according to news reports. The heat wave coincided with power cuts and Ramadan, a month when many Muslims refrain from eating or drinking during the daytime. Most of those who died were from poor areas, and included children and elderly people, the reports said.

9. North Korea: Floods

Deaths: 151

Heavy rains at the end of August and in early September caused dangerous flooding and landslides in North Korea, which destroyed more than 800 buildings, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies reported.

10. Papua New Guinea: Earthquake

Deaths: 145

A 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Southern Highlands province of Papua New Guinea in February, triggering a major aftershock and some landslides. Close to half a million people were affected by the disaster, according to ReliefWeb.